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"Composition with Red, Yellow, Blue, and Black" (1921) is an iconic example of Piet Mondrian’s work and a pinnacle of De Stijl, an avant-garde Dutch artistic movement. This painting captures Mondrian's endeavor to distill art to its most essential elements: line, form, and color.

The painting is composed of a series of straight, black horizontal and vertical lines that form a grid. The lines define the boundaries of a series of rectangles and squares, some of which are filled with solid colors—red, yellow, and blue—while others remain white. The simplicity of the composition belies its intricate balance and harmony, demonstrating Mondrian’s mastery of asymmetrical equilibrium.

- Lines: Thick black lines criss-cross the canvas, creating a dynamic interplay between space and form. These lines do not necessarily reach the edge of the canvas, giving a sense of an infinite extension beyond the painting’s confines.
- Color Blocks: Mondrian uses pure primary colors—red, yellow, and blue—each bounded by the black grid. The distribution and placement of color blocks appear both random and meticulously orchestrated, achieving a perfect visual harmony.
- White Space: In addition to the areas of vibrant color, large swaths of white play a crucial role, bringing a sense of openness and breathability to the otherwise tightly constructed composition.

- Art Movement: This painting is a landmark of the De Stijl movement (also known as Neoplasticism), which Mondrian co-founded. De Stijl artists sought to create a universal language of visual expression that goes beyond individual subjectivity. They championed abstraction and eliminated naturalistic representation to focus on geometric forms and primary colors.
- Artist's Evolution: Piet Mondrian’s artistic journey evolves from impressionist-influenced works to more abstract compositions. By 1921, when this painting was created, Mondrian had fully embraced De Stijl principles, moving away from representational art towards pure abstraction. This work marks a mature phase in his career, where his visual language is fully formed and distinct.
- Inspiration and Philosophy: Mondrian was deeply influenced by his spiritual beliefs, particularly theosophy, which espoused that reality is underlying unity. His work aimed to reflect this universal order and harmony, making a case for an art form rooted in the spiritual and universal rather than the particular and personal.

- Provenance and Display: "Composition with Red, Yellow, Blue, and Black" is housed in the Kunstmuseum Den Haag (GEM, Museum for Contemporary Art) in The Hague, the Netherlands. The museum holds one of the most extensive collections of Mondrian’s works.
- Impact: This painting is not only a significant work within Mondrian's oeuvre but also an influential piece in the broader context of 20th-century art. It has inspired countless artists and designers in fields ranging from graphics to architecture, becoming a visual icon of modernism.
- Simplicity and Complexity: On the surface, the painting might appear simple, but its complexity lies in Mondrian’s ideal of achieving perfect harmony and balance through the most basic elements of art. The viewer’s eye is drawn to the dynamic tension between colored and non-colored spaces, the rigor of the grid, and the unexpected placements of color.

This profound yet minimalist masterpiece epitomizes Mondrian’s quest for an order that transcends the chaos of everyday life, reflecting his belief in an underlying universal harmony expressed through art’s most basic elements.